Objectives and competences
Upon completion of this course, the student will be able to:
? Critically analyze and compare different triage systems and their adaptation to specific populations (children, older adults, and vulnerable groups).
? Identify and apply models of clinical decision-making (e.g., analytical, intuitive, algorithmic).
? Critically evaluate ethical and legal challenges related to triage and prioritization of care.
? Develop proposals to improve the quality of triage and reduce errors in emergency nursing care.
Content (Syllabus outline)
? History and Paradigms of Triage
? Theoretical Foundations of Triage: history, systems, validation, advantages, and limitations
? Triage of Special Populations (pediatric, geriatric, and vulnerable groups)
? Errors, Variability, and Reliability of Triage Systems
? Triage in Different Contexts: emergency departments, mass-casualty incidents, and primary care settings
? Health Status Assessment
? Clinical Decision-Making in the Triage Process
? Ethical Dilemmas in Resource Allocation
Intended learning outcomes - knowledge and understanding
Upon completion of this course, the student will be able to:
• Critically analyze and compare different triage systems and evaluate their suitability in relation to the needs of specific populations (pediatric, geriatric, and vulnerable groups).
• Apply advanced models of clinical decision-making (analytical, intuitive, and algorithmic approaches) in complex emergency nursing situations.
• Assess and justify care prioritization decisions in accordance with ethical principles, legal frameworks, and professional standards of emergency nursing practice.
• Develop and substantiate strategies to improve the quality of the triage process, reduce errors, and enhance patient safety in emergency settings.
• Propose improvements to organizational approaches and educational content related to triage and clinical decision-making based on empirical evidence and reflection on one’s own professional practice.
Readings
Temeljna literatura
Mackay – Jones K, Marsden J, Windle J, eds. Emergency triage / Manchester Triage Group, third edition. 2014, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strnad M. Urgentna medicina. 1 izd. , Univerza v Mariboru, Univerzitetna založba, Maribor 2022.
FAST facts for the triage nurse: an orientation and care guide / [edited by] Lynn Sayre Visser, Anna Sivo Montejano, Valerie Aarne Grossman. 2nd. Ed. New York : Springer Publishing Company, cop. 2018. - XXII, 248 str. ; 20 cm. - (Fast facts) ISBN 978-0-8261-2265-0 .
Lynn Sayre Visser, Anna Sivo Montejano. Rapid Access guide for triage and Emergency Nursing: Chief Complaints with High Risk Presentations. New York: Springer Publishing Company, 2023.
Dodatna literatura:
TRIAGE nursing secrets / [editors] Polly Gerber Zimmermann, Robert D. Herr. - St. Louis, Missouri : Mosby : Elsevier, cop. 2006. - XXIV, 724 str., [4] str. pril. : ilustr. ; 23 cm. - (Nursing secrets series)
ISBN 0-323-03122-6 ISBN 978-0-323-03122-6 (ISBN-13)
GRMEC, Štefek (urednik). Nujna stanja: priročnik : [učno gradivo], (Zbirka PiP). 5. izd. Ljubljana: Zavod za razvoj družinske medicine, 2008. 482 str., ilustr. ISBN 978-961-92474-4-0. [COBISS.SI-ID 242369792]
FEKONJA, Zvonka, PERKIČ, Rok, STRNAD, Matej, KMETEC, Sergej, MCCORMACK, Brendan. Symptoms experienced by patients with acute myocardial infarction that the triage nurses should know in the emergency department : a systematic review. V: ČUČEK-TRIFKOVIČ, Klavdija (ur.), et al. Innovative nursing care : education and research. Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter, cop. 2023. Str. [15]-32, ilustr. ISBN 978-3-11-078608-8, ISBN 978-3-11-078617-0. https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110786088-002/html, https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110786088-002, DOI: 10.1515/9783110786088-002
FEKONJA, Zvonka, KMETEC, Sergej, FEKONJA, Urška, MLINAR RELJIĆ, Nataša, PAJNKIHAR, Majda, STRNAD, Matej. Emergency triage nurses' perceptions of caring behaviors and the safety of the patient during triage encounters : a grounded theory study. BMC nursing. 2024, vol. 23, [article no.] 453, str. [1]-11, ilustr. ISSN 1472-6955. https://bmcnurs.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12912-024-02122-5, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-024-02122-5, DOI: 10.1186/s12912-024-02122-5.
