Content (Syllabus outline)
Contents of lectures:
- general concepts concerning investigations of structures (the purpose of the investigation, specimens, loadings, surveying and physical measurements and observations)
- geodetic methods of displacement measurements ( measuring angles and lengths, height differences)
- basics of photogrammetry (3D data snooping)
- -geodetic deformation analysis (Karlsruhe, Hannover, Delft,…)
- - surveying networks for control measurements
- - Surveying, analysis and presentation of geodetic results (error selection method, MNK offset, determination of probable value, 3D rendering of obtained results)
- - external influences on geodetic measurements (calculation and influence of atmospheric correction on results, consideration of refraction),
- - geodetic inprovisation (improvment of results), good practice,
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- electronic measurement of mechanical and other quantities (basis, accuracy and measurement uncertainty, configurations of the measuring equipment and software for data acquisition, measurement of strains, displacements, accelerations, inclinations, forces, torsion moments, hydraulic pressure, rotational speed, non-contact transmission of the measuring signals on rotating parts of structures, temperature, automation of measurements)
- use of calibration methods for indirectly measuring the displacements, forces and moments through the strain measurements
- processing, analysis and display of measurement results (filtering of measurement signals, analysis of disturbances and their causes, identification of the characteristics of the observed structures on the basis of measured quantities - determination of stiffness, eigen frequencies, damping, assessing the remaining lifetime of the structure based on the results of measurements ...)
- implementation of measurements on structures (the purpose of measurement, the problem of reference points for measuring displacements, determination of the number, position and the accessibility of measurement points, triggering and control of measurements, standards and regulations), examples of good practice
- monitoring of structures in various stages of construction and diagnostic methods for faults and defects of structures on the basis of measurement results.
Contents of exercises:
- familiarization with measurement equipment, demonstration and implementation of individual measurements of displacements, strains, temperature, torque, forces, speed of rotation on simple structures in the lab)
- static and dynamic bending test of a beam (surveying and electronic measurements of displacements, strains, load size, processing of measurement signals, evaluation and presentation of measurement signals and comparison with the calculated response)
- demonstration and individual preparation of the measuring point for strain measurement on aluminum or steel cantilever bending element, implementation of the indirect force measurement with so prepared element after previous calibration
- The load test on real simpler bridging structure is implemented, where measurements of strains, vertical displacements and accelerations are performed; measured results are evaluated and graphically presented. A comparative static and dynamic analysis of the observed object is performed by the FE method using a suitable software tool, the computational and measurement results are compared and the causes of differences between the two are analyzed.
- - Demonstration of geodetic tracking of the target in motion and use in practice
- - Geodetic monitoring on different structures, taking into account atmospheric correction with different surveying instruments
Readings
Osnovna/Basic:
- J. Boersch & al.: Measurement Data Acquisition – Electrical measurement of mechanical and physical quantities, Süddeutscher Verlag onpact GmbH, 81677 Munich, 2012.
- M.Tomaževič: Uvod v eksperimentalno analizo gradbenih konstrukcij, Univerza v Ljubljani, Ljubljana, 1991.
- K.Hoffmann: An Introduction to Measurements using Strain Gages, Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik, Darmstadt,1989
- K. Hoffmann: Practical Hints for the Installation of Strain Gages, Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik, Darmstadt, 4th revised edition,1996
- Smernice Standardi (JUS, ASTM, DIN, SIST), ki obravnavajo preiskave gradbenih konstrukcij,
- Z. Kapović, Geodezija v niskogradnji, Sveučičište u Zagrebu, Geodetski fakultet, 2010
Dodatna/Additional:
- R.Vukotić: Ispitivanje konstrukcija, Gradjevinski fakultet Beograd, Naučna knjiga, Beograd, 1989.
- Kovačič B., kamnik R., Praktična geodezija, učbenik, FG, Maribor, 2009
- B. Kovačič, predstavitve posameznih poglavij v diaprojekcijah (PPT) na Moodlu, 2020
