Objectives and competences
The student will be able to:
• differentiate and describe the basic phenomena, processes and building blocks within the human body, and those selected diagnostic, therapeutic and measuring techniques in health science and medicine that are based on the principles of biophysics and biochemistry covered here,
• describe the operation of radiological devices for patient examination (X-ray, MR, CT, ECG, US etc.) and differentiate them,
• describe the contraction processes of the heart and other muscles from the point of view of basic biophysical and biochemical mechanisms,
• interconnect the energy balance, temperature regulation mechanisms, energy sources and stores in the human body,
• transfer basic knowledge of the understanding clinical phenomena in the patient,
• identify and differentiate basic characteristics of microorganisms,
• identify and differentiate basic microbiological methods of identifying and detecting microorganisms.
Content (Syllabus outline)
Biophysics with radiology (15 hours of lectures)
The biophysical basis of the heart functioning (the process of cardiac and other muscle contraction, membrane electric potential, stimulation-contraction coupling and signalling, ECG, heart as a pump)
Energetics of the human body (energy sources, metabolic rate, regulation and measurement of body temperature, thermography, thermodynamic variables and their units)
Diagnostic and therapeutic ultrasound (physical properties of sound and ultrasound, types of imaging and apparatuses and transducers, Doppler imaging, blood flow analysis in vascular system, basics of hydrodynamics).
Physical principles of radiological imaging techniques in medicine (electromagnetic waves, ionising radiation, radioactivity; X-ray, CT, PET, SPET, MRI)
Physical principles of radiotherapy (types (tele- and brachi- radiotherapy), impacts of ionising radiation and safety )
5 hours of laboratory work and 5 hours of clinical training in the fields of biophysics.
Biochemistry (10 hours of lectures)
Structure and function of the basic building blocks of living organisms – carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids.
Structure and function of cell organelles and cell membrane. Enzymes, vitamins, hormones
Fundamentals of cell metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins and examples of metabolic diseases.
Fundamentals of heredity, genetic diseases. Biochemistry of the immune system.
5 hours of laboratory work in the field of biochemistry.
Microbiology (15 hours of lectures)
Basic concepts in microbiology and properties of microorganisms.
Basics of microbiological diagnostic techniques.
Principles of identification of microorganisms on basic phenotypic, biochemical, immunological and genotype characteristics.
Basic groups of microorganisms (Grampositive cocci, Grampositive bacilli, Gramnegative non-fermenting bacilli, Enterobacteriaceae, others Gramnegative bacilli, Gramnegative cocci and coccobacilli, spiral bacteria, archaea, yeasts, moulds, parasites, DNA-containing viruses, RNA-containing viruses) and their major representatives.
5 hours of clinical training in the field of microbiology.
Learning and teaching methods
• lectures supported with animations and simulations
• laboratory work
• clinical training
• individual and group work of students
• demonstration experiments
Intended learning outcomes - knowledge and understanding
Upon completion of the course, students are able to:
• identify, convert and specify various physical and biochemical quantities and their units, which are often used in healthcare and medicine, and to distinguish them,
• measure individual selected physical quantities / variables and understand the impacts on their values,
• identify basic physical-mathematical dependencies between individual quantities or variables for selected cases from biophysics and biochemistry and to calculate them,
• qualitatively describe some basic biophysical and biochemical phenomena and microorganisms,
• differentiate the basic building blocks in the human body and to compare their functions or roles,
• to explain individual biophysical, biochemical and microbiological methods of measurement and analysis,
• differentiate between different selected diagnostic methods of imaging in medicine, anticipate their purpose and assess potential hazards,
• identify basic characteristics and types of microorganisms.
Intended learning outcomes - transferable/key skills and other attributes
• skills to work with selected laboratory equipment
• ability of basic quantitative analysis of measured quantities and evaluation of results in the field of biophysics, biochemistry and microbiology,
• ability to qualitatively describe the basic physical principles of functioning of some therapeutic and diagnostic devices used in medicine and health science, as well as basic biochemical and biophysical processes in the human body,
• ability to differentiate between different microorganisms.
Readings
Temeljna literatura:
Biofizika
• Bohinc, K: Fizika človeškega telesa. Zdravstvena fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani, 2014
• Urone, PP.: Physics with health science applications. John Wiley, New York 1986
• James, J; Baker, C & Swain H: Principles of Science for nurses. Blackwell Science, Oxford 2002
Biokemija
• Boyer, Rodney F.: Concepts in biochemistry, 3rd ed., J. Wiley & Sons, Hoboken , 2006
• Lal, H.: Biochemistry for B. Sc. Nursing students. CBS Publishers & Distributors, Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi 2012.
• Odian, G. & Beli, I.: General, organic and biochemistry for nursing and allied health. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. New York, 2009.
Mikrobiologija
• Ihan, A.in sod. (2020). Medicinska bakteriologija z mikologijo in parazitologijo. Univerza v Ljubljani, Medicinska fakulteta.
• Zapiski s predavanj ter navodila za vaje, ki so za študente dostopni na e-študijskem portalu UM: https://estudij.um.si/
Priporočena literatura:
• FIJAN, Sabina. Izbrana poglavja iz mikrobiologije : (zbrano učno gradivo) : za študente podiplomskega študija bioinformatike, 2. stopnja na FZV UM pri predmetu: Izbrana poglavja iz mikrobiologije in biokemije. Maribor: Univerza v Mariboru, Fakulteta za zdravstvene vede, 2020.
• FIJAN, Sabina. Izbrana poglavja iz mikrobiologije in biokemije : navodila za vaje s teoretičnimi osnovami za študente podiplomskega študija bioinformatike, 2. stopnja na FZV UM : (za interno uporabo). Maribor: Fakulteta za zdravstvene vede, 2014.
Pojasnilo/Remark: Med temeljno študijsko literaturo sodijo samo tista poglavja iz omenjenih knjig, ki so del vsebine predmeta v okviru predavanj, seminarjev in laboratorijskih vaj. / Only those chapters from the abovementioned books that are considered within the syllabus outline of the course, including lectures, laboratory work and seminars, are regarded as core readings.
Prerequisits
Completing laboratory work and clinical training is a prerequisite for taking the written exam.
Additional information on implementation and assessment Written exam (računalniški)
As part of the written exam, students write three separate consecutive written tests, which cover the contents of lectures, laboratory work and clinical training from each field - biophysics, biochemistry and microbiology. Each individual test must be evaluated as positive, which considers the results 55% or above in each test. Each test contributes 1/3 to the final grade. In the case of an individual negative test, only the negative test is repeated at the next exam.
Students’ commitments:
• attendance at laboratory work and clinical training
• written examination
Completing laboratory work and clinical training is a prerequisite for taking the intermediate written test, and the written exam.
Students can replace each individual part of the exam (biophysics, biochemistry, microbiology) with one intermediate written test, which is conducted after each completed field outside the exam period. All other conditions are the same as for the written exam.
