Objectives and competences
To gain knowledge, understanding and the ability to assess emegrency situations in internal medicine and surgery, to gain knowledhe and understanding of basic treatments and finally to analyze and synthesize data independently in research projects of this area of emergency medicine, which at the end can improve clinical work and further research of this area of medicine.
Content (Syllabus outline)
The programme will be focused on early recognition, emergency measures and treatments in internal medicine emergencies and surgical emergencies, links between biotechnology and pathophysiology / pathomorphology of individual emergency situations in internal medicine and surgery such as:
1. cardio-vascular diseases
Arrhythmias (ventricular, atrial, conduction disturbances), acute heart failure, acute coronary syndromes, hypertensive crisis, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, cardiac tamponade
2. Endocrinological emergencies
Diabetes type 1 and 2 with hypeosmolar coma and ketoacidosis, hypglicemia, hypertirosis and hypothirosis, insufficiency of suprarenal gland
3. Gastrointestinal emergencies
Acute gastrointestinal bleedings, acute pancreatitis, liver cirrhosis and liver failure, acute diarrhoea and vomiting
4. Pulmological emergencies
Bronchial asthma, brochospasm in COPD
5. Acute infection
Meningitis, pneumonia, uroinfection, sepsis and septic shock
6. bites and stings
7. Trauma
8. Surgical emergencies (acute abdomen, vascular emergencies, trauma, etc)
9. Shocks
10. Acute lumbar paini
11. Rheumatological emergencies
Acuteuric arthritis, infective arthritis, regional periarticular pain (bursitis, tendinitis)
12. Anaphylaxis and anaphylactic shock
13. Nephrological emergencies
Acute renal failure, nephrolithiasis, acide-base and electrolyte disturbances
Among methods there will be an emphasis upon :
• patient's history and clinical examination,
• emergency laboratory tests,
• ECG,
• Emergency radiological examinations (chest rentgenogram, CT, MR, angiography)
• Basic and advanced life support
• Cardioversion and defibrillation
• Insertion of arterial, peripheral venous, central venous catheter, urine catheter
• Measurements of arterial blood pressure, central venous pressure, pulmonary arterial and wedge pressure,
• Intubation, basics of mechanical and noninvasive ventilation,
• Basics of echocardiography
• Basics of emergency electrostimulation
Intended learning outcomes - knowledge and understanding
• To define, describe and understand (to explain, compare) pathophysiological mechanims of frequent emergency medical situations in internal medicine and surgery
• to define, describe analyze clinical picture of frequent emergency conditionss
• to describe, interperete, explain diagnostic and effective contemporary treatment methods in emergency situations
Readings
1. Sinkovič, G. Voga, eds., 2015. Izbrana poglavja o srčno-žilnih boleznih. Maribor: Medicinska fakulteta.
2. D. Mekiš, ed., 2015. Oskrba dihalne poti 2015 : zbornik vabljenih predavanj, 20. in 21. november 2015. Maribor : Univerzitetni klinični center, Oddelek za anesteziologijo, intenzivno terapijo in terapijo bolečin.
3. Griffin Perry A., Potter P. A., 2018. Clinical nursing skills & techniques. 9th ed. - St. Louis : Elsevier.
